For example, Article 2 UDHR, which prohibits discrimination, addresses the Nazi’s ‘master race’ ideology. You can see the desire to respond to the wickedness of the Nazi regime reflected in many of the UDHR’s articles. Then the UDHR focusses on the ‘substantive’ rights we are familiar with: the right to life, prohibitions on slavery and torture, the right to a fair trial, and the rights to private and family life.
The first two articles of the UDHR emphasise its universal nature, providing that ‘all human beings’ are entitled ‘without distinction’ to the rights proclaimed. The UDHR also shows that the concept of human rights recognises both rights and obligations. The UDHR sets out certain core human rights principles, including universality (they apply to everyone), interdependence (they interact with each other), indivisibility (they cannot be separated from each other), equality and non-discrimination.
…ecognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world… Of the 56 UN member states at the time, none of them opposed the adoption the UDHR, although eight states didn’t vote. Over 50 member states participated in its final drafting. The drafting committee for the UDHR also considered a detailed report on the prosecution evidence at the Nuremberg trials of Nazi war criminals.Ī draft of the Universal Declaration was prepared by René Cassin, a French jurist, law professor and judge, for which he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1968. It distilled key human rights principles and was closely followed in what became the UDHR. That declaration was originally drafted by great British writers including (primarily) H.G. It considered human rights documents from all around the world, including the Sankey Declaration on the Rights of Man, named after the committee chairman, Lord Sankey. The drafting committee met in two sessions over two years. The British Representative was Charles Dukes, a trade unionist and Labour politician and David Maxwell-Fyfe, a British Conservative MP and lawyer, was also involved. The drafting committee was chaired by American diplomat Eleanor Roosevelt and consisted of 18 members from various political, cultural and religious backgrounds. …isregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind…įollowing the atrocities of World War II and the international community’s resolve that nothing so awful can be allowed to happen again, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was designed to complement the United Nations Charter and provide a road map of the rights of all people around the world. One of the core documents which forms the International Bill of Rights is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, proclaimed on 10 December 1948. Seventy years ago, Eleanor Roosevelt gave a speech before the United Nations General Assembly on the preparation of an International Bill of Rights.
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